call a spade a spade

C

call a spade a spade (idiom)
/kɔːl ə speɪd ə speɪd/

Variant

• call a shovel a shovel

Meaning

• to speak plainly and directly about something, even if it is unpleasant or uncomfortable.
• to describe something as it is, without avoiding the truth or sugar-coating it.
• to be honest and straightforward, especially when addressing an issue that others may try to avoid.
• to address a matter directly and candidly, without any attempts at euphemism or tact.
• to be blunt and forthright in your speech, often by using simple or straightforward terms.

Example Sentences

1. She always calls a spade a spade, so you know she won’t hold back her opinion.
2. Instead of beating around the bush, he decided to call a spade a spade during the meeting.
3. When it comes to discussing the project’s failures, John prefers to call a spade a spade.
4. If you want an honest assessment, you can count on her to call a spade a spade.
5. His tendency to call a spade a spade often gets him into trouble at work.

Origin and History

The phrase “to call a spade a spade” has intrigued linguists and historians for centuries, reflecting a rich tapestry of historical and linguistic evolution.

Early Usage and Etymology

The idiom “to call a spade a spade” dates back nearly 500 years and initially meant “to speak frankly.” The term “spade” originally referred to a gardening tool, and its use in this idiom may have been more literal in its early context. Historians trace the phrase’s roots to the Greek expression “to call a fig a fig and a trough a trough,” found in the works of ancient Greek writers like Aristophanes and Menander. This expression was used to denote straightforwardness and honesty, though the exact evolution into the modern idiom remains unclear. The Greek historian Plutarch, who died in A.D. 120, used a similar phrase in his work Moralia, which contained double entendres and was likely vulgar in nature.

Latin Connection and Medieval Usage

One of the earliest known uses of a similar expression comes from the Latin phrase “ferula est ferula,” which translates to “a spade is a spade.” This expression, used in Roman times, implied straightforwardness and honesty. The Latin term “ferula” referred to a type of spade or rod, indicating that the idea of calling something by its correct name was established in ancient languages.

Earliest Documentation

The phrase gained prominence during the medieval and Renaissance periods. Erasmus, the noted humanist and scholar, translated the Greek phrase into Latin as “to call a spade a spade,” which may have been a creative interpretation rather than a direct translation. Erasmus’ influence helped solidify “spade” in the idiom. Nicholas Udall’s 1542 translation of “The Work of Erasmus” introduced the phrase into English.

According to a popular theory, various English texts solidified the idiom in the 16th century. Ben Jonson, a contemporary of Shakespeare, is believed to have popularized the phrase, often using it to address themes of honesty and directness. Notable authors, such as Charles Dickens and W. Somerset Maugham, later used it in their writings.

The Shovel Theory

Another theory involves the confusion between “spade” and “shovel,” both commonly used tools. Some historical contexts interchanged “spade” with “shovel.” This theory suggests that “calling a spade a spade” might have originally meant “calling a shovel a shovel,” reflecting a general term for bluntness and directness in speech.

Modern Controversy

However, in modern times, the idiom has faced controversy due to the racial connotations associated with the word “spade.” The term “spade” has historically been used as a racial slur against African Americans, particularly in the United States during the early to mid-20th century.

The phrase’s use has caused discomfort and criticism due to potential misinterpretations or perceived insensitivity. While its original meaning was not racist, contemporary awareness highlights the need to consider the phrase’s potential for offense and its evolving impact on different communities.

Bottom Line

The phrase “to call a spade a spade” has a complex history that intertwines with linguistic evolution and cultural values. From its ancient Greek origins and Latin connections to its medieval and Renaissance usage, the idiom has evolved to embody the importance of straightforwardness.

However, its modern interpretation must also account for the potential racial connotations associated with the term “spade.” The idiom remains a testament to the enduring value of honest and direct communication, yet its sensitivity in contemporary contexts requires thoughtful consideration.

Speech